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Sirung

Complex in Indonesia

Last Eruption: 2021

Key Facts

Elevation

1,347 m (4,419 ft)

Type

Complex

Location

-8.497°, 124.131°

Region

Sunda Volcanic Arc

Total Eruptions

11

Max VEI

VEI 2

Rock Type

Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone

Location

Loading map...

Eruption Timeline

2021 CENotable

Most recent confirmed eruption

2009 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1979 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1949 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1929 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1914 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1899 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1879 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1859 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1852 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1837 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

Overview

Sirung is located at the NE end of a volcanic massif with multiple centers that extends 14 km NE from the southern end of Pantar Island. The volcano is truncated by a 2-km-wide caldera whose floor often contains one or more small lakes. Much of the volcano is constructed of basaltic lava flows, and the Gunung Sirung lava dome forms the high point on the caldera's western rim.

A number of phreatic eruptions occurred from vents within the caldera during the 20th century. Forested Gunung Topaki, the high point of the volcanic chain, has a small summit crater and lies ~3. 5 km SW of the active crater area.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

    Risk Level

    Population at RiskModerate
    Infrastructure RiskHigh
    Aviation RiskSignificant

    Geological Composition & Structure

    Rock Types

    Primary
    Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
    Silica Content
    Intermediate (57-63% SiO₂)

    Tectonic Setting

    Subduction zone
    Formed by oceanic plate subduction, typically producing explosive eruptions due to water-rich magmas.

    Age & Formation

    Epoch
    Holocene
    Evidence
    Eruption Observed

    Eruption Statistics & Analysis

    MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
    Total Recorded Eruptions11ModerateModerately active volcano
    Maximum VEIVEI 2MinorLocal impact potential
    Recent Activity5 years agoVery RecentCurrently active

    Monitoring & Alert Status

    Monitoring Networks

    Global Volcanism Program
    International eruption database

    Current Status

    Active
    Recent volcanic activity detected. Continuous monitoring in place.

    Nearby Volcanoes in Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions

    Regional Volcanic Activity
    The Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

    Quick Info

    • Smithsonian ID: 264270
    • Evidence: Eruption Observed
    • Epoch: Holocene

    About the Photo

    The steaming summit caldera of Gunung Sirung volcano is seen here from the eastern caldera rim. Sirung volcano lies at the NE end of a 14-km-long line of volcanic centers forming a peninsula at the southern end of Pantar Island. A lava dome (center) at the western side of the caldera forms the summit of Gunung Sirung volcano; other cones along the chain to the SE increase in height. The 2-km-wide summit caldera has been the source of small phreatic eruptions during the 20th century.

    Photo by L.D. Reksowirogo, 1972 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).

    Basic Information

    This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.