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Sao Jorge

Fissure vent in Portugal

Last Eruption: 1902

Key Facts

Elevation

1,053 m (3,455 ft)

Type

Fissure vent

Location

38.650°, -28.080°

Region

Azores-Terceira Rift Volcanic Province

Rock Type

Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Rift zone

Location

Loading map...

Overview

The dominantly basaltic São Jorge Island is 55 km long and 6. 5 km wide. It was formed by fissure eruptions beginning in the eastern part of the island.

The western two-thirds of the island contains youthful, fissure-fed lava flows resembling those on neighboring Pico Island. Lava effused from three locations above the south-central coast during 1580, producing flows that reached the ocean. In 1808 a series of explosions took place from vents along the south-central crest of the island; one of the vents produced a lava flow that reached the southern coast.

Submarine eruptions have also been reported on several occasions from a submarine ridge to the SE. The 1964 event offshore W of Velas was considered "probable" by Madiera and Brum da Silveira (2003), who also provided 14C dates for several other Holocene eruptions.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

    Risk Level

    Population at RiskModerate
    Infrastructure RiskHigh
    Aviation RiskSignificant

    Geological Composition & Structure

    Rock Types

    Primary
    Basalt / Picro-Basalt
    Silica Content
    Low (45-52% SiO₂)

    Tectonic Setting

    Rift zone
    Continental rift or intraplate setting with varied eruptive styles.

    Age & Formation

    Epoch
    Holocene
    Evidence
    Eruption Observed

    Eruption Statistics & Analysis

    MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
    Total Recorded EruptionsUnknownLowModerately active volcano
    Maximum VEIVEI UnknownMinorLocal impact potential
    Recent Activity124 years agoHistoricalHistorically active

    Monitoring & Alert Status

    Monitoring Networks

    Global Volcanism Program
    International eruption database

    Current Status

    Normal
    No recent activity. Routine monitoring continues.

    Nearby Volcanoes in Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions

    Regional Volcanic Activity
    The Atlantic Ocean Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

    Quick Info

    • Smithsonian ID: 382030
    • Evidence: Eruption Observed
    • Epoch: Holocene

    About the Photo

    The Pico da Velha cone is seen in this view of the interior of the island of São Jorge. The linear island is 54 km long and only about 6 km wide at its widest point. This cone is one of many along a volcanic ridge down the axis of the island. Eruptions recorded since 1580 have produced lava flows that reached the ocean, and submarine eruptions were reported from vents off the southern and southwestern coasts.

    Photo by Luís A. da Silveira, 2007 (Wikimedia Commons).

    Basic Information

    This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.