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Lewotobi

Stratovolcano(es) in Indonesia

Last Eruption: 2025

Key Facts

Elevation

1,703 m (5,587 ft)

Type

Stratovolcano(es)

Location

-8.542°, 122.775°

Region

Sunda Volcanic Arc

Total Eruptions

23

Max VEI

VEI 3

Rock Type

Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone

Location

Loading map...

Eruption Timeline

2025 CENotable

Most recent confirmed eruption

2018 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

2016 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

2014 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

2002 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1982 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1975 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1955 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1948 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1918 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1893 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1891 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1861 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1858 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1846 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1843 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1828 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1816 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1801 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

Overview

The Lewotobi edifice in eastern Flores Island is composed of the two adjacent Lewotobi Laki-laki and Lewotobi Perempuan stratovolcanoes (the "husband and wife"). Their summits are less than 2 km apart along a NW-SE line. The conical Laki-laki to the NW has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Perempuan has had observed eruptions in 1921 and 1935.

Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in both of the summit craters, which are open to the north. A prominent cone, Iliwokar, occurs on the E flank of Perampuan.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

    Risk Level

    Population at RiskModerate
    Infrastructure RiskHigh
    Aviation RiskSignificant

    Geological Composition & Structure

    Rock Types

    Primary
    Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
    Silica Content
    Intermediate (57-63% SiO₂)

    Tectonic Setting

    Subduction zone
    Formed by oceanic plate subduction, typically producing explosive eruptions due to water-rich magmas.

    Age & Formation

    Epoch
    Holocene
    Evidence
    Eruption Observed

    Eruption Statistics & Analysis

    MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
    Total Recorded Eruptions23HighHighly active volcano
    Maximum VEIVEI 3ModerateLocal impact potential
    Recent Activity1 years agoVery RecentCurrently active

    Monitoring & Alert Status

    Monitoring Networks

    Global Volcanism Program
    International eruption database

    Current Status

    Active
    Recent volcanic activity detected. Continuous monitoring in place.

    Nearby Volcanoes in Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions

    Regional Volcanic Activity
    The Sunda-Banda Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

    Quick Info

    • Smithsonian ID: 264180
    • Evidence: Eruption Observed
    • Epoch: Holocene

    About the Photo

    Lewotobi Lakilaki (left) and Lewotobi Perempuan (right) rise above forests on their western flanks. They were constructed along a NW-SE-trending line. Both volcanoes have erupted during historical time but Lakilaki has been more active.

    Photo by Joël Boyer, 2004 (L.A.V.E.)

    Basic Information

    This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.