🌋VolcanoAtlas

Kuchinoerabujima

Stratovolcano(es) in Japan

Last Eruption: 2020

Key Facts

Elevation

657 m (2,156 ft)

Type

Stratovolcano(es)

Location

30.443°, 130.217°

Region

Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

Total Eruptions

29

Max VEI

VEI 4

Rock Type

Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone

Location

Loading map...

Eruption Timeline

2020 CENotable

Most recent confirmed eruption

2000 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1993 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1990 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1980 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1955 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1945 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1933 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1928 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1925 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1923 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1903 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1878 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1875 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1873 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1863 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1851 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1841 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1826 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1801 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

Overview

A group of young stratovolcanoes forms the eastern end of the irregularly shaped island of Kuchinoerabujima in the northern Ryukyu Islands, 15 km W of Yakushima. The Furudake, Shindake, and Noikeyama cones were erupted from south to north, respectively, forming a composite cone with multiple craters. All historical eruptions have occurred from Shindake, although a lava flow from the S flank of Furudake that reached the coast has a very fresh morphology.

Frequent explosive eruptions have taken place from Shindake since 1840; the largest of these was in December 1933. Several villages on the 4 x 12 km island are located within a few kilometers of the active crater and have suffered damage from eruptions.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

    Risk Level

    Population at RiskHigh
    Infrastructure RiskHigh
    Aviation RiskSignificant

    Geological Composition & Structure

    Rock Types

    Primary
    Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
    Silica Content
    Intermediate (57-63% SiO₂)

    Tectonic Setting

    Subduction zone
    Formed by oceanic plate subduction, typically producing explosive eruptions due to water-rich magmas.

    Age & Formation

    Epoch
    Holocene
    Evidence
    Eruption Observed

    Eruption Statistics & Analysis

    MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
    Total Recorded Eruptions29HighHighly active volcano
    Maximum VEIVEI 4MajorRegional impact potential
    Recent Activity6 years agoVery RecentCurrently active

    Monitoring & Alert Status

    Monitoring Networks

    Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
    Real-time seismic monitoring
    Geological Survey of Japan
    Geochemical monitoring
    Global Volcanism Program
    International eruption database

    Current Status

    Active
    Recent volcanic activity detected. Continuous monitoring in place.

    Nearby Volcanoes in Western Pacific Volcanic Regions

    Regional Volcanic Activity
    The Western Pacific Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

    Quick Info

    • Smithsonian ID: 282050
    • Evidence: Eruption Observed
    • Epoch: Holocene

    About the Photo

    Kuchinoerabu rises to the SE above the fishing village of Motomura. The active cone of Shindake is in the center, Sankakutenyama is to the left, and Furudake (Hurudake) to the right. Shindake has been the site of frequent explosive eruptions in historical time. Several villages on the 4 x 12 km island are located within a few kilometers of the active crater and have suffered damage from eruptions.

    Copyrighted photo by Shingo Takeuchi (Japanese Quaternary Volcanoes database, RIODB, http://riodb02.ibase.aist.go.jp/strata/VOL_JP/EN/index.htm and Geol Surv Japan, AIST, http://www.gsj.jp/).

    Basic Information

    This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.