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Griggs

Stratovolcano in United States

Last Eruption: -1790

Key Facts

Elevation

2,317 m (7,602 ft)

Type

Stratovolcano

Location

58.354°, -155.092°

Region

Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc

Rock Type

Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone

Location

Loading map...

Overview

The summit of Mount Griggs towers above Knife Creek on the NE side of the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. The volcano is offset west of the NE-trending alignment of volcanoes in the Katmai area. The broad stratovolcano, formerly known as Knife Peak, consists of a late-Pleistocene edifice with glacial valleys on the north that was truncated on its SW side by an early Holocene collapse.

A Holocene volcano was subsequently constructed within the 1. 5-km-wide scarp left following a large SW-flank debris avalanche. Nested cones with three concentric craters mostly fill the scarp, and thick, blocky lava flows cover the SW flanks below the collapse scarp.

In contrast to the more silicic centers of the Katmai area along the crest of the range, lava flows from Griggs are dominantly andesitic in composition, and dacitic lava flows are uncommon. No eruptions have been observed, but noisy fumarolic jets near the summit can be heard from the valley floor.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

  • Pyroclastic flows
  • Lava flows
  • Volcanic bombs and ballistics
  • Lahars and mudflows

Risk Level

Population at RiskModerate
Infrastructure RiskModerate
Aviation RiskSignificant

Geological Composition & Structure

Rock Types

Primary
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Silica Content
Intermediate (57-63% SiO₂)

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Formed by oceanic plate subduction, typically producing explosive eruptions due to water-rich magmas.

Age & Formation

Epoch
Holocene
Evidence
Eruption Dated

Eruption Statistics & Analysis

MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
Total Recorded EruptionsUnknownLowModerately active volcano
Maximum VEIVEI UnknownMinorLocal impact potential
Recent Activity3816 years agoHistoricalHistorically active

Monitoring & Alert Status

Monitoring Networks

Global Volcanism Program
International eruption database

Current Status

Normal
No recent activity. Routine monitoring continues.

Nearby Volcanoes in North America Volcanic Regions

Regional Volcanic Activity
The North America Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

Quick Info

  • Smithsonian ID: 312190
  • Evidence: Eruption Dated
  • Epoch: Holocene

About the Photo

Griggs is the highest of a group of volcanoes in the Katmai area, located 10 km behind the volcanic arc. Active fumaroles are within the summit crater and along the upper SW flank. Tephra from the 1912 Novarupta eruption cover the flanks in this 1990 view from the SW.

Photo by Game McGimsey, 1990 (Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Basic Information

This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.