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Dama Ali

Shield in Ethiopia

Last Eruption: 1631

Key Facts

Elevation

1,068 m (3,504 ft)

Type

Shield

Location

11.280°, 41.630°

Region

Main Ethiopian Rift Volcanic Province

Rock Type

Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Rift zone

Location

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Overview

Dama Ali is a broad 25-km-wide shield volcano that rises above the NW shore of Lake Abbe in eastern Ethiopia. Nested circular craters are located at the summit of the dominantly basaltic volcano, which also displays an older caldera rim. An arcuate chain of rhyolitic lava domes occupies the northern, western, and southern flanks.

Youthful basaltic lava flows surround these domes and cover the flanks, and recent flows also cover the young sediments of the Kalo and Abhe basins. The Asmara basaltic pyroclastic cone located in the southern Kalo basin SW of the base of the volcano was considered to have had activity during the last 2,000 years (IAVCEI, 1973). It is considered the most likely source of an eruption reported to have occurred in 1631 (Gouin, 1979).

Major fumarolic activity occurs in the summit crater, and abundant hot springs are found on the volcano.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

    Risk Level

    Population at RiskModerate
    Infrastructure RiskModerate
    Aviation RiskSignificant

    Geological Composition & Structure

    Rock Types

    Primary
    Basalt / Picro-Basalt
    Silica Content
    Low (45-52% SiO₂)

    Tectonic Setting

    Rift zone
    Continental rift or intraplate setting with varied eruptive styles.

    Age & Formation

    Epoch
    Holocene
    Evidence
    Eruption Observed

    Eruption Statistics & Analysis

    MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
    Total Recorded EruptionsUnknownLowModerately active volcano
    Maximum VEIVEI UnknownMinorLocal impact potential
    Recent Activity395 years agoHistoricalHistorically active

    Monitoring & Alert Status

    Monitoring Networks

    Global Volcanism Program
    International eruption database

    Current Status

    Normal
    No recent activity. Routine monitoring continues.

    Nearby Volcanoes in Eastern Africa Volcanic Regions

    Regional Volcanic Activity
    The Eastern Africa Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

    Quick Info

    • Smithsonian ID: 221141
    • Evidence: Eruption Observed
    • Epoch: Holocene

    About the Photo

    Dama Ali is a broad shield volcano that rises above the NW shore of Lake Abhe (right) at the S end of the Kalo Plain and was the most likely source of an eruption reported to have occurred in 1631. Nested circular craters are located at the summit and an arcuate chain of rhyolitic lava domes can be seen on the N, W, and S flanks. Major fumarolic activity occurs in the summit crater and abundant hot springs occur on the volcano.

    NASA Landsat image, 1999 (courtesy of Hawaii Synergy Project, Univ. of Hawaii Institute of Geophysics & Planetology).

    Basic Information

    This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.