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Cleveland

Stratovolcano in United States

Last Eruption: 2020

Key Facts

Elevation

1,730 m (5,676 ft)

Type

Stratovolcano

Location

52.825°, -169.944°

Region

Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc

Total Eruptions

22

Max VEI

VEI 3

Rock Type

Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone

Location

Loading map...

Eruption Timeline

2020 CENotable

Most recent confirmed eruption

2018 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

2003 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

2001 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1989 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1969 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1954 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1942 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1930 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1925 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1905 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1880 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1868 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1853 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1828 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1818 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1813 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

Overview

The symmetrical Mount Cleveland stratovolcano is situated at the western end of the uninhabited Chuginadak Island. It lies SE across Carlisle Pass strait from Carlisle volcano and NE across Chuginadak Pass strait from Herbert volcano. Joined to the rest of Chuginadak Island by a low isthmus, The native name, Chuginadak, refers to the Aleut goddess of fire, who was thought to reside on the volcano.

Numerous large lava flows descend the steep-sided flanks. It is possible that some 18th-to-19th century eruptions attributed to Carlisle should be ascribed to Cleveland (Miller et al. , 1998).

In 1944 it produced the only known fatality from an Aleutian eruption.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

  • Pyroclastic flows
  • Lava flows
  • Volcanic bombs and ballistics
  • Lahars and mudflows

Risk Level

Population at RiskModerate
Infrastructure RiskHigh
Aviation RiskSignificant

Geological Composition & Structure

Rock Types

Primary
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Silica Content
Intermediate (57-63% SiO₂)

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Formed by oceanic plate subduction, typically producing explosive eruptions due to water-rich magmas.

Age & Formation

Epoch
Holocene
Evidence
Eruption Observed

Eruption Statistics & Analysis

MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
Total Recorded Eruptions22HighHighly active volcano
Maximum VEIVEI 3ModerateLocal impact potential
Recent Activity6 years agoVery RecentCurrently active

Monitoring & Alert Status

Monitoring Networks

Global Volcanism Program
International eruption database

Current Status

Active
Recent volcanic activity detected. Continuous monitoring in place.

Nearby Volcanoes in North America Volcanic Regions

Regional Volcanic Activity
The North America Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

Quick Info

  • Smithsonian ID: 311240
  • Evidence: Eruption Observed
  • Epoch: Holocene

About the Photo

Mount Cleveland forms the western half of Chuginadak Island. This 24 July 1994 view from the west shows the summit region darkened by ashfall that may have originated from an eruption reported on 25 May. Dark lava flows from earlier eruptions can be seen on the flanks.

Photo by Michelle Harbin, 1994 (courtesy of Alaska Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey).

Basic Information

This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.