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Chirinkotan

Stratovolcano in Russia

Last Eruption: 2022

Key Facts

Elevation

724 m (2,375 ft)

Type

Stratovolcano

Location

48.980°, 153.480°

Region

Kuril Volcanic Arc

Total Eruptions

11

Max VEI

VEI 3

Rock Type

Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone

Location

Loading map...

Eruption Timeline

2022 CENotable

Most recent confirmed eruption

2010 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1990 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1980 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1978 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1958 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1955 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1943 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1928 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1913 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1893 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

Overview

The small, mostly unvegetated 3-km-wide island of Chirinkotan occupies the far end of an E-W volcanic chain that extends nearly 50 km W of the central part of the main Kuril Islands arc. It is the emergent summit of a volcano that rises 3000 m from the floor of the Kuril Basin. A small 1-km-wide caldera about 300-400 m deep is open to the SW.

Lava flows from a cone within the breached crater reached the shore of the island. Historical eruptions have been recorded since the 18th century. Lava flows were observed by the English fur trader Captain Snow in the 1880s.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

  • Pyroclastic flows
  • Lava flows
  • Volcanic bombs and ballistics
  • Lahars and mudflows

Risk Level

Population at RiskModerate
Infrastructure RiskHigh
Aviation RiskSignificant

Geological Composition & Structure

Rock Types

Primary
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Silica Content
Intermediate (57-63% SiO₂)

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Formed by oceanic plate subduction, typically producing explosive eruptions due to water-rich magmas.

Age & Formation

Epoch
Holocene
Evidence
Eruption Observed

Eruption Statistics & Analysis

MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
Total Recorded Eruptions11ModerateModerately active volcano
Maximum VEIVEI 3ModerateLocal impact potential
Recent Activity4 years agoVery RecentCurrently active

Monitoring & Alert Status

Monitoring Networks

Global Volcanism Program
International eruption database

Current Status

Active
Recent volcanic activity detected. Continuous monitoring in place.

Nearby Volcanoes in Northwestern Pacific Volcanic Regions

Regional Volcanic Activity
The Northwestern Pacific Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

Quick Info

  • Smithsonian ID: 290260
  • Evidence: Eruption Observed
  • Epoch: Holocene

About the Photo

The 3-km-wide island of Chirinkotan is the emergent summit of a volcano that rises 3 km from the floor of the Kuril Basin. It lies at the far end of an E-W-trending volcanic chain that extends nearly 50 km W of the central part of the main Kuril Islands arc. Historical eruptions have been recorded here since the 18th century, including one observed by Captain Snow.

Photo by R. Bulgakov, 1990 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Basic Information

This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.