🌋VolcanoAtlas

Alaid

Stratovolcano in Russia

Last Eruption: 2022

Key Facts

Elevation

2,285 m (7,497 ft)

Type

Stratovolcano

Location

50.861°, 155.565°

Region

Kuril Volcanic Arc

Total Eruptions

15

Max VEI

VEI 4

Rock Type

Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone

Location

Loading map...

Eruption Timeline

2022 CENotable

Most recent confirmed eruption

2017 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

2012 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

2002 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1982 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1970 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1960 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1950 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1940 CEVEI 3

Historical eruption (estimated)

1910 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1890 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1865 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1855 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

1852 CEVEI 1

Historical eruption (estimated)

1845 CEVEI 2

Historical eruption (estimated)

Overview

The highest and northernmost volcano of the Kuril Islands, Alaid is a symmetrical stratovolcano when viewed from the north, but has a 1. 5-km-wide summit crater that is breached open to the south. This basaltic to basaltic andesite volcano is the northernmost of a chain constructed west of the main Kuril archipelago.

Numerous pyroclastic cones are present the lower flanks, particularly on the NW and SE sides, including an offshore cone formed during the 1933-34 eruption. Strong explosive eruptions have occurred from the summit crater beginning in the 18th century. Reports of eruptions in 1770, 1789, 1821, 1829, 1843, 1848, and 1858 were considered incorrect by Gorshkov (1970).

Explosive eruptions in 1790 and 1981 were among the largest reported in the Kuril Islands.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

  • Pyroclastic flows
  • Lava flows
  • Volcanic bombs and ballistics
  • Lahars and mudflows

Risk Level

Population at RiskModerate
Infrastructure RiskHigh
Aviation RiskSignificant

Geological Composition & Structure

Rock Types

Primary
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Silica Content
Low (45-52% SiO₂)

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Formed by oceanic plate subduction, typically producing explosive eruptions due to water-rich magmas.

Age & Formation

Epoch
Holocene
Evidence
Eruption Observed

Eruption Statistics & Analysis

MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
Total Recorded Eruptions15ModerateModerately active volcano
Maximum VEIVEI 4MajorRegional impact potential
Recent Activity4 years agoVery RecentCurrently active

Monitoring & Alert Status

Monitoring Networks

Global Volcanism Program
International eruption database

Current Status

Active
Recent volcanic activity detected. Continuous monitoring in place.

Nearby Volcanoes in Northwestern Pacific Volcanic Regions

Regional Volcanic Activity
The Northwestern Pacific Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

Quick Info

  • Smithsonian ID: 290390
  • Evidence: Eruption Observed
  • Epoch: Holocene

About the Photo

An ash plume rises above Alaid on 30 April 1981, at the peak of an eruption that began on 27 April (seen here from the N). The plume extended 2,000 km to the SE. The volcano has a 1.5-km-wide summit crater and numerous cones across the lower flanks. Explosive eruptions in 1790 and 1981 were among the largest in the Kuril Islands.

Photo courtesy of Anatoli Khrenov, 1981 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Basic Information

This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.