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Adwa

Stratovolcano in Ethiopia

Key Facts

Elevation

1,670 m (5,479 ft)

Type

Stratovolcano

Location

10.063°, 40.831°

Region

Main Ethiopian Rift Volcanic Province

Rock Type

Rhyolite

Tectonic Setting

Rift zone

Location

Loading map...

Overview

Adwa (also known as Aabida, Amoissa, or Dabita), is a broad stratovolcano in the southern Afar area immediately east of the younger vegetated Ayelu volcano. It has a roughly 3 x 4 km caldera that originated following eruption of voluminous ignimbrites, with a trachytic dome extruded in the eastern part of the caldera. Scoria cones are located on the floor of the caldera and on its NW and SW flanks.

Extensive young basaltic lava flows cover the flanks and overlap a sedimentary plain to the SE. Many fumaroles occur within the caldera. Satellitic pyroclastic cones and lava domes were considered to be only a few hundred years old (Mohr 1980, pers.

comm. ). Dark lava flows originating from cones about 4 km from the caldera rim on the SW flank cover more than 50 km2.

Volcanic Hazards & Risk Assessment

Primary Hazards

  • Pyroclastic flows
  • Lava flows
  • Volcanic bombs and ballistics
  • Lahars and mudflows

Risk Level

Population at RiskModerate
Infrastructure RiskModerate
Aviation RiskSignificant

Geological Composition & Structure

Rock Types

Primary
Rhyolite
Silica Content
High (>68% SiO₂)

Tectonic Setting

Rift zone
Continental rift or intraplate setting with varied eruptive styles.

Age & Formation

Epoch
Holocene
Evidence
Evidence Credible

Eruption Statistics & Analysis

MetricValueGlobal RankingSignificance
Total Recorded EruptionsUnknownLowModerately active volcano
Maximum VEIVEI UnknownMinorLocal impact potential
Recent ActivityUnknownHistoricalHistorically active

Monitoring & Alert Status

Monitoring Networks

Global Volcanism Program
International eruption database

Current Status

Normal
No recent activity. Routine monitoring continues.

Nearby Volcanoes in Eastern Africa Volcanic Regions

Regional Volcanic Activity
The Eastern Africa Volcanic Regions contains multiple active volcanic systems. Cross-regional magma interactions and tectonic stresses can influence eruption patterns across the entire arc. Monitor regional seismic activity and volcanic alerts.

Quick Info

  • Smithsonian ID: 221170
  • Evidence: Evidence Credible
  • Epoch: Holocene

About the Photo

A caldera 4 x 5 km wide cuts the summit of Adwa volcano above the center of this NASA Landsat image with N to the top. This prominent volcano (also known as Aabida, Amoissa, or Dabita) is in the southern Afar area immediately E of Ayelu volcano, which lies above and to the left of the westernmost flank lava flow. These prominent young basaltic lava flows were erupted from vents on the W, E, and S flanks of Adwa volcano and overlap a sedimentary plain to the SE.

NASA Landsat 7 image (worldwind.arc.nasa.gov)

Basic Information

This page shows basic data from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program. For more detailed information, visit the official Smithsonian page.